I think the date jumper maintaining plate (ETA pt No:- 2595) has been filed too far back to hold the intermediate date wheel (what should be Eta pt No:- 2543) in position, on your GMT part No:- 2543 is not relevant, it's a different part which isn't available from ETA, it's provided as part of a kit to make up the GMT function.
so look at part number 2595 on Cousins website (technical downloads) view the shape of it and see how your component has been filed away to miss the top teeth of this gear, It should be filled away just enough to miss the top teeth but still to hold it down. Your looks like it's been filed way too far back and is just not holding the gear down and allowing it to jump out of mesh.